Breast Biopsy Procedure: When It’s Needed and What It Reveals

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Performed under local anesthesia with imaging support

Breast Biopsy: A Crucial Step in Detecting Breast Abnormalities

Introduction

breast biopsy is a vital diagnostic procedure used to determine whether a suspicious area in the breast is benign or cancerous. When a mammogram, ultrasound, or physical exam reveals a lump or abnormal tissue, a biopsy provides clarity by extracting a small sample for laboratory analysis. It plays a pivotal role in early breast cancer detection, treatment planning, and peace of mind.


What Is a Breast Biopsy?

A breast biopsy involves removing a sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope. The procedure is recommended when:

  • A lump is felt during a physical exam

  • An abnormality appears on imaging (mammogram, MRI, or ultrasound)

  • There is nipple discharge or skin changes

  • Follow-up is needed after inconclusive screening results


Types of Breast Biopsies

Several techniques are used, depending on the size, location, and characteristics of the suspicious area:

1. Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy

  • Uses a thin needle to withdraw fluid or cells

  • Typically used for cystic or superficial lumps

  • Quick and minimally invasive, but may not provide enough tissue for a complete diagnosis

2. Core Needle Biopsy (CNB)

  • Utilizes a larger, hollow needle to remove tissue samples

  • Performed with imaging guidance (ultrasound, mammogram, or MRI)

  • Commonly used for suspicious masses

3. Stereotactic Biopsy

  • Guided by mammography to target abnormalities not visible on ultrasound

  • Ideal for sampling calcifications or small lesions

4. Vacuum-Assisted Biopsy

  • Uses suction to collect larger tissue samples

  • Reduces the need for surgical biopsy

  • Performed under local anesthesia with imaging support

5. Surgical (Excisional) Biopsy

  • Removes the entire lump or abnormal area

  • Done in an operating room under anesthesia

  • Recommended if needle biopsy is inconclusive

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